var howMany = 51
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quote[0]="The original design of the Lincoln cent contained designer Victor D. Brenner's entire name on the obverse of the coin. Mint Director Leach told him to cut it out....literally."
quote[1]="Victor D. Brenner, designer of the Lincoln cent, was a member of the ANA (American Numismatic Association)."
quote[2]="The designer of the Lincoln cent, Victor D. Brenner, was born in Shavly, Lithuania in June of 1871."
quote[3]="The Lincoln cent has had a long life, but its history before the first coin was struck is a very short one.  Victor D. Brenner, the designer of the Lincoln cent, didn't start desiging it until 1908."
quote[4]="The original design submitted for the reverse of the Lincoln cent was a near exact copy of the French 2-Franc coin."
quote[5]="Victor D. Brenner's first suggestion for using his Lincoln design was for the obverse of the half dollar.  The reverse was to have an eagle.."
quote[6]="The composition of the Lincoln cent has changed six different times.  Can you think of all of them?"
quote[7]="The composition of the 1943 steel cent changed in May of that year due to a change in planchet makers.  The result was a very slightly lighter steel cent from May until the end of its production in December."
quote[8]="When the U.S. went back to bronze cent production in 1944 they used naval shell casing brass to make the planchets.  It is said this is noticeable because the post-war cents tone in different colors than other years of the cent."
quote[9]="The composition of the Lincoln cent was changed in 1962.  The tin was removed from the copper, tin, and zinc mixture used since 1909."
quote[10]="When the composition of the Lincoln cent changed to a solid zinc core in 1982, the obverse design was also re-engraved, creating seven different types of 1982 cents."
quote[11]="The designer of the memorial reverse for the Lincoln cent, Frank Gasparro, was born the same month that the Original Lincoln wheat cent went into production - August, 1909."
quote[12]="A California cent collector found the only known existing 1959 wheat reverse cent in 1986."
quote[13]="Victor D. Brenner, designer of the Lincoln cent, first suggested the design be used on the half dollar - the only denominations eligible for redesign at the time, by law, were the cent and nickel"
quote[14]="The original wheat reverse designed by Victor D. Brenner was modified when accepted by the mint.  The V shaped Us were normalized."
quote[15]="Wheat was first used on the reverse of a cent in 1856 with the Flying Eagle cent.  Can you think of any earlier US coins that used wheat in the design?"
quote[16]="The Lincoln cent was the first design on US coinage in which the portrait of a known person was used."
quote[17]="The Lincoln cent made its debut on August 2, 1909.  A week later, public outrage caused the US Mint to remove the designer's initials from the reverse of the cent."
quote[18]="The Lincoln cent went without designer's initials from 1909 until 1918, when they were replaced on the truncation of the bust on the obverse.  This is where they remain today."
quote[19]="During a copper shortage in 1942, the US Mint authorized test production of cents made of materials such as plastic, cardboard, and glass.  Steel was chosen as the most suitable material."
quote[20]="The original obverse design of the Lincoln cent did not include the motto "IN GOD WE TRUST".  It was added to fill in space from a reduced Lincoln portrait size."
quote[21]="In 1906 <em>The Numismatist</em> reported, &quot;A change in the design of the small bronze cent is being considered by a congressional committee&quot;.  This is the earliest numismatic account found regarding the eventual birth of the Lincoln cent."
quote[22]="Before the Lincoln cent was issued congress considered testing new alloys for minting the coin.  Nickel and aluminum were the top choices considered."
quote[23]="Victor David Brenner was directly commissioned by President Theodore Roosevelt to design the Lincoln cent."
quote[24]="Some reports indicate that Victor D. Brenner was not alone in the design of the Lincoln cent.  They state that die cutter Henri Weil helped."
quote[25]="After public outrage at the appearance of the initials &quot;VDB&quot; on the reverse of the Lincoln cent, original plans were to change them to a single &quot;B&quot;.  Chief engraver Charles Barber rejected this idea because this was the initial he used on his designs."
quote[26]="The Lincoln cent was originally slated for release in January, 1909, but a design change to include the motto IN GOD WE TRUST on the reverse delayed production by seven months."
quote[27]="The first Denver minted Lincoln cent was coined on May 20, 1911.  The Denver mint made fifteen times as many cents as the population of the state of Colorado that year."
quote[28]="The first dies to exhibit the initials &quot;VDB&quot; after the public outrage of 1909 were created and tested in 1917, although they were dated 1918."
quote[29]="Records in cent production were set at all three mints (Philadelphia, Denver, and San Francisco) in 1919.  Mintage of the cent this year reached nearly 580 million coins."
quote[30]="One of the reasons cents were only minted in Denver in 1922 was due to a 1921 economic recession."
quote[31]="A September 1943 report in <em>Numismatic Scrapbook</em> magazine tells of a collector searching 5,000 circulating cents. He found one 1909S VDB, 16 1922D, and 16 1931S cents.  Not a bad haul even for then."
quote[32]="In 1945 banks were instructed to begin removing 1943 steel cents from circulation for melting."
quote[33]="There were no proof coins minted at the US Mint from 1943-1949 because they were busy minting record numbers of coins and minting military medals."
quote[34]="Frank Gasparro, the designer of the memorial reverse used on the cent from 1959 to date, was hired at the US Mint as a junior engraver in 1942."
quote[35]="There were no cents minted in San Francisco from 1932-1934 because of the great depression."
quote[36]="In 1947 the mint ran out of the shellcasing brass they had used for cent production for the past few years, so they returned to the original bronze composition that had been in use from 1814-1942."
quote[37]="In 1955 <em>Numismatic News</em> offers a subscription premium of 1955S cent and dime pairs as the &quot;last coins issued by the San Francisco Mint&quot;.  10,000 new readers take them up on the offer and subscribe."
quote[38]="In 1964 and 1965, the mint commissioned the manufacture of experimental trial cents, which were made at a roller press in the GM tech center in Warren, Michigan."
quote[39]="Cents were minted at all three facilities these years, but without mint marks.  There is no way to distinguish them from one another."
quote[40]="The mint didn't start making cents with 1966 dated dies until August of 1966.  The delay was caused by a &quot;date freeze&quot; clause in the coinage act of 1965.  This means some of your 1965 dated cents were actually minted in 1966."
quote[41]="In 1974 1.5 million aluminum cents were manufactured at West Point, New York.  Only a handful survive today."
quote[42]="In 1973 and 1974 a quarter million 1974 dated bronze clad steel cents were manufactured in a composition testing experiment.  All are reported to have been destroyed."
quote[43]="Nearly 700 million cents were struck at the West Point facility in 1985.  They do not have mint marks, so they are not discernible from Philadelphia minted cents."
quote[44]="A <em>USA Today</em> report in 1988 says 37 percent of the American public favor getting rid of the cent."
quote[45]="A statue of Benjamin Franklin was erected in Philadelphia in 1971.  It was made from an estimated 80,000 cents, and was commonly called the &quot;Benny Penny&quot;."
quote[46]="No proofs were officially made in 1917, but a few reports, and a single certified example say otherwise."
quote[47]="Cameo proofs were once made by dipping the dies in a 5 percent nitric acid, 95 percent alcohol mixture, then polishing the fields.  This method has since been changed."
quote[48]="Mintage of proof 1909VDB cents was limited to 420 pieces.  This is the lowest intentional mintage of any issue of Lincoln cent."
quote[49]="The Secret Service confiscated mint sewn bags of cents from the San Francisco mint in 1969 because of confusion surrounding the existence of a counterfeit doubled die 1969 cent."
quote[50]="As a boy, Lincoln cent designer Victor D. Brenner sold matches in the streets."
quote[51]="The VDB type 1909 Lincoln cents were minted for only four days - August 2nd through the 5th, 1909."

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