Tilted, Rotated, and where?

[Dick]

This has nothing to do with the photography, as such. It DOES have all to do with the interppretation of the images.

First question:
Tilt. How do you determine tilt, and which way? Forward, backward, right? Left?
Or is it the cant, taken from a point of rotation right, or left, to align the digit with the rest?

Second question:
Rotation? Is it: The last strike, moved, (rotated) with relation to the first, (or last, in the case of two, or more)? Or is the direction of rotation, (CW/CCw) with relation to the last image, or vice-versa?

Third question:
Direction of movement, (lateral displacement0.
An image is presented with the first, (faint remnant) visible to the right, would be "said to be" East, or if to the left, West. Taken a bit further, it remnant is at an angle, say 45 degrees to the upper right. This would be North-East. Or, is the movement with relation to the remnant? IE, the last strike is "West" of the remnant.

This information will fit the cent, (all other denominations will have their own pertenant
data).

Lincoln cents will have the tilt, and rotation, due to the minting technology, during it's lifetime.

The FE/IHC will have the "orientation, and lateral displacement", as well as the rotation, or cant. Tilt, same as cant?

The FE/IHC have many things in common with the Canadian large cent, (omitting all other UK, coinage, or related). This is due to the minting technology in place at that time. Most of the dies were complete, except for the last one, or two digits. These were "hand-punched", as needed.

In the case of the large cent, the letters of the legend, around the efigry, were part of the die, but on occasion, were "touched-up" by handpunching. On the reverse the outer design was part of the die, as well as the letters of "one Cent and the first two or three numbers of the date. The last one or two numbers of the date were hand punched. This includes a MM, when used.

The Lincoln cent, until 1989, used the hand punched MM, and it's position was highly variable!

While the above is generally true, there may be some bits that are not exactly correct. Your indulgence is requested. If this is not where it should be, please put it in the proper place.
Thanks,

[coop]

WHAT?

Maybe an image might help?

[eagames]

What always seems odd about this is:

With RPMs we describe the weak one (or secondary) with respect to the stronger one (or primary).

With doubled dies we describe the stronger one (most likely stronger one/second hubbing) to the weaker one (most likely the weaker one/first hubbing). The first hubbing could be stronger but most often the second is stronger.

[Dick]

I like Coop's "Chart"! I would like to have one, a large one, like Chuck's Poster, to hang on the wall. Not that I would need to refer to it, but for the artistic production it is.
Both of them, for that matter.
Here are a couple sites I refer to very often:

http://www.piczo.com/Dan-in-Crystal-Lake?g=13676541&cr=&cr=6&rfm=y#

http://varieties.piczo.com/?cr=3&rfm=y#

They use a bit different reference for the lateral displacement of the RPD's among others.
These references were the reason for my "questions", because they are not the same.

[coppercoins]

"tilted" is in reference to repunched mintmarks and will fit ANY denomination. The easiest way to describe it is that in a tilted repunched mintmark, part of the secondary is above the primary and part below to the extent that one cannot distinguish which one really is the primary or secondary. There is no direction of spread described with them fo the same reason.

"rotated" simply means that the secondary mintmark is rotated either clockwise or counterclockwise in relation to the primary mintmark.

Large cents, flying eagle cents, and indian head cents up to 1908 do not have mintmarks, thus cannot be "tilted".

[Dick]

Thank you, Chuck!
BTW, how are you feeling these days? Hope you are better. it takes a whikle to get back to "normal", but I'm sure you will get there.
Have nice day....